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Appendix D: Glossary
480i/480p
Indicates the number of scanning lines and scanning format of an
image signal. 480i indicates 480 scanning lines with interlace
format, and 480p indicates 480 scanning lines with progressive
format.
Aspect ratio
A ratio which defines the shape of the rectangular picture in a TV.
It is the width of the picture relative to the height. A conventional
TV picture is 4:3 in aspect ratio.
Bit rate
Shows the number of digital information needed to play back
sound for 1 second. The bit rate is expressed in bits per second.
Bitstream
The digital form of multichannel audio data (e.g., 5.1-channel)
before it is decoded into its various channels.
Chapter/title
Chapter is the smallest division and title is the largest division on
DVD VIDEO. A chapter is a division of a title and similar to a track
for Video CD or Audio CD.
Component video
Video signals with three channels of separate information that
makes up the picture. There are some types of component video,
such as R/G/B and Y/C
B(PB)/CR(PR).
Composite video
A single video signal commonly used in most consumer video
products that contains all luminance, color, and synchronization
information.
Dolby Digital (AC3)
A six-channel system consisting of left, center, right, left rear,
right rear and LFE (Low-Frequency Effect channel, for use with a
sub-woofer) channels. All processing is done in the digital
domain. Not all Dolby Digital discs contain six (5.1) channels of
information.
Dolby Surround/Dolby Pro Logic
Dolby Surround records four channels of front and rear audio in
two channels in a way that allows a decoder to recover the
original four channels for playback. Because the audio is
recorded in two channels, it can be played back naturally by a
two-channel stereo system.
Dolby Pro Logic introduces directional circuits in decoder-side
processing (increasing the level of specific channels and lowering
the level of silent channels) for greater spatial perspective, and
adds a center speaker used primarily for dialog. The result is
enhanced channel separation.
Down-mix
Internal stereo mix of multichannel surround audio by a DVD unit.
The down-mix signals are output from stereo output connectors.
DTS
A Digital Surround audio encoding format configured with six
(5.1) channels, similar to Dolby Digital. It requires a decoder,
either in the unit or in an external receiver. DTS stands for Digital
Theater Systems.
Not all DTS discs contain six (5.1) channels of information.
Dynamic range
The difference between the loudest and softest sounds.
Group
The largest division on DVD AUDIO.
Interlaced scanning
In a conventional video system, a picture is shown on the display
monitor in between lines of two halves. The Interlaced scanning
system places lines of the second half of the picture in-between
lines of the first half of the picture.
JPEG
A popular file format for still image compression and storage.
JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group.
There are three sub-types of the JPEG format as follows.
• baseline JPEG: used for digital cameras, the web, etc.
• progressive JPEG: used for the web
• lossless JPEG: an old type, rarely used now
Linear PCM audio
PCM stands for “pulse code modulation.” Linear PCM is the usual
method for digitally encoding audio without compression, and is
used for the audio tracks on DVD VIDEO discs, Audio CDs, etc.
MLP
MLP stands for “Meridian Lossless Packing.” A lossless audio
compression system that can completely recreate the PCM
signal.
MP3
MP3 is an audio data compression format, which stands for
MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3. Using MP3, you can achieve a data
reduction of about 1:10.
NTSC (National television system committee)
A black and white and color television system format used in the
U.S.A., Canada, Mexico and Japan.
PAL (Phase Alternation by Line)
A color television system format used extensively in Western
Europe.
PBC
PBC stands for “Playback control” and is a method of controlling
disc play for Video CDs (VCD). You are able to interact with the
disc through menus.
Progressive scanning
Progressive scanning displays all the horizontal lines of a picture
at one time, as a single frame. A progressive scanning DVD unit
converts the interlaced (480i) video from DVD into progressive
(480p) format for connection to a progressive display. It
dramatically increases the vertical resolution.
Sampling frequency
The rate at which measurements of an audio signal are taken
during A/D and D/A conversion. The sampling frequency is
expressed in samples per second.
S-video
A video signal which improves picture quality over standard
composite connections. Used on Super VHS, DVD, high end TV
monitors, etc.
Track
The smallest division on SVCD, Video CD and Audio CD discs.
VR mode
A recording mode which is applied when video signals are
recorded onto a DVD-RW or DVD-RAM disc. This mode allows to
edit recording; for example, the VR mode enables a programmed
recording and a manual recording in which recording time can be
adjusted.
WMA
WMA is an abbreviation of “Windows Media Audio,” and is an
audio data compression format developed by Microsoft
Corporation. Sound quality of data compressed using WMA is
the same as that of MP3, though the WMA file size is smaller
than that of MP3.
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