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REFERENCE
28 En
■ AVCHD
AVCHD is a new format (standard) for high definition video cameras that
can be used to record and play high-resolution HD images.
■ BD-J
Some BD-Video discs contain Java applications, and these applications are
called BD-J. You can enjoy various interactive features in addition to playing
normal video.
■ Bitstream
This is the digital form of multi-channel audio data (e.g., 5.1 channel) before
it is decoded into its various channels.
■ Dolby Digital
This is a method of coding digital signals developed by Dolby Laboratories.
Apart from stereo (2-channel) audio, these signals can also be multi-channel
audio.
■ Dolby Digital Plus
Multi-channel audio and higher audio quality is made possible using Dolby
Digital Plus. BD-Video supports up to 7.1 channel output.
■ Dolby TrueHD
Dolby TrueHD is a very high quality audio format that reproduces the studio
master audio. BD-Video supports up to 7.1 channel output.
■ Down-mixing
This is the process of remixing the multi-channel audio found on some discs
into fewer channels.
■ DTS (Digital Theater Systems)
This surround system is used in many movie theaters. There is good
separation between the channels, so realistic sound effects are possible.
■ DTS-HD
DTS-HD is a high-quality, sophisticated audio format used in movie theaters.
Previous DTS Digital Surround-compatible equipment can play DTS-HD as
DTS Digital Surround audio. BD-Video supports up to 7.1 channel output.
■ Dynamic range
Dynamic range is the difference between the lowest level of sound that can
be heard above the noise of the equipment and the highest level of sound
before distortion occurs.
Dynamic range compression means reducing the gap between the loudest and
softest sounds. This means you can listen at low volumes but still hear dialog
clearly.
■ Film and video
DVD-Video are recorded using either film or video. This unit can determine
which type has been used, then uses the most suitable method of progressive
output.
Film: Recorded at 24 frames per second. (Recorded at 30 frames per
second as well). Generally appropriate for motion picture films.
Video: Recorded at 30 frames/60 fields per second. Generally appropriate
for TV drama programs or animation.
■ Final Standard Profile (FSP)
This is a BD-Video [BD-ROM version 2 (Profile 1 version 1.1)] that supports
the new functions such as Picture-in-picture, Secondary Audio, and Virtual
Package, etc.
■ Frames and fields
Frames refer to the single images that constitute the video you see on your
television. Each frame consists of two fields.
• A frame still shows two fields, so there may be some blurring, but picture
quality is generally better.
• A field still shows less picture information so it may be rougher, but there
is no blurring.
■ HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)
HDMI is a digital interface for consumer electronic products. Unlike
conventional connections, it transmits uncompressed digital video and audio
signals on a single cable.
■ JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
This is a system used for compressing/decoding color still pictures. If you
select JPEG as the storage system on digital cameras, etc., the data will be
compressed to 1/10-1/100 of its original size. The benefit of JPEG is less
deterioration in picture quality considering the degree of compression.
■ Local storage
This storage area is used as a destination for sub contents for playing virtual
packages on BD-Video.
■ LPCM (Linear PCM)
These are uncompressed digital signals, similar to those found on CDs.
■ MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3)
An audio compression method that compresses audio to approximately one
tenth of its size without any significant loss of audio quality.
■ Pan&Scan/Letterbox
In general, DVD-Video are produced with the intention that they be viewed
on a widescreen television (16:9 aspect ratio), so images often don’t fit
regular (4:3 aspect ratio) televisions. Two styles of picture, “Pan & Scan” and
“Letterbox”, deal with this problem.
Pan&Scan: The sides are cut off so the picture fills the
screen.
Letterbox: Black bands appear at the top and bottom of
the picture so the picture itself appears in an
aspect ratio of 16:9.
■ Picture-in-picture
This is a new function of BD-Video that plays the primary video and
secondary video simultaneously. For instance, the function is capable of
playing the original movie as the primary video while playing video
commentary from the film director on a small screen as a secondary video.
■ Progressive/Interlace
The video signal standard of NTSC has 480 interlaced (i) scan lines, whereas
progressive (p) scanning uses twice the number of scan lines, and this is
referred to as 480p. Using progressive output, you can enjoy watching high
resolution video.
■ Sampling frequency
Sampling is the process of converting the heights of sound wave (analog
signal) samples taken at set periods into digits (digital encoding). Sampling
frequency is the number of samples taken per second, so larger numbers
mean more faithful reproduction of the original sound.
■ Virtual package
Some BD-Video discs copy data to other media (local storage) and then play
the secondary video, secondary audio, and subtitles (sub contents)
simultaneously.
These functions are called virtual packages.
Sub contents are automatically recorded to other media from the disc prior to
playing the virtual package. The playback methods vary depending on discs.
■ 1080i (1125i)
In one high definition image, 1080 (1125) alternating scan lines pass to create
an interlaced image. Because 1080i (1125i) more than doubles current
television broadcasts of 480i, the detail is much clearer and creates a more
realistic and rich image.
■ 1080p (1125p)
In one high definition image, 1080 (1125) scan lines pass at the same time to
create a progressive image. Since progressive video does not alternate scan
lines like interlace, there is a minimal amount of screen flicker.
■ 24p
This is a progressive image recorded at a rate of 24 frames per second.
■ 720p (750p)
In one high definition image, 720 (750) scan lines pass at the same time to
create a progressive image. Since progressive video does not alternate scan
lines like interlace, there is a minimal amount of screen flicker.
GLOSSARY
Frame
Field
Field