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designed to make sure that you have the freedom to
distribute copies of free software (and charge for this
service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get
it if you want it, that you can change the software or use
pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you
can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that
forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to
surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain
responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the
software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program,
whether gratis or for a
fe
e, you must give the recipients all
the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too,
receive or can get the sour ce code. And you must show
them these terms so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the
software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal
permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author’s protection and ours, we want to
make certain that everyone understands that there is no
warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by
someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to
know that what they have is not the original, so that any
problems introdu
ce
d by others will not reflect on the
original authors’ reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by
software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that
redistributors of a free program will individually obtain
patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary.
To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must
be licensed for everyone’s free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution
and modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING,
DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other wor k which
contains a notice placed by the copyrig
ht holder say
ing it
may be distributed under the terms of this General Public
License. The “Program”, below, refers to any such
program or work, and a “work based on the Program”
means either the Program or any derivative work under
copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the
Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
(Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
the term “modification”.) Each licensee is addressed as
“you”.
Activities other than copying, distribu
tion
and
modification are not covered by this License; they are
outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not
restricted, and the output from the Program is covered
only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running
the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the
Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the
Program’s source code as you receive it, in any medium,
provided that you conspicuously and appropriately
publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice
and disclaimer of warran
ty; keep in
tact all the notices
that refer to this License and to the absence of any
warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a
copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring
a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty
protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or
any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the
Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or
work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that
you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry promin
ent
n
otices stating that you changed the files and the date
of any change.
b)You must cause any work that you distribute or
publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived
from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as
a whole at no charge to all third parties under the
terms of this License.
c)If the modified program normally reads commands
interactively when run, you must cause it, when
started running for such interactive use in the most
ordinary way, to print or display an announcement
including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice
that there is no warran
ty (or else, say
ing that you
provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the
program under these conditions, and telling the user
how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the
Program itself is interactive but does not normally
print such an announcement, your work based on the
Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a
whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived
from the Program, and can be reasonably considered
independent and separate works in themselves, then this
License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections
when you distribute them as separate works. Bu
t when
you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which
is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the
whole must be on the terms of this License, whose
permissions for other licensees extend to the entire
whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who
wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather,
the intent is to exercise the right to control the
distribution of derivative or collective works based on the
Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based
on the Program with the Program (
or with a w
ork based
on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution
medium does not bring the other work under the scope
of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work
based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable
form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided
that you also do one of the following:
a)Accompany it with the complete corresponding
machine-readable source code, which must be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above
on a medium customarily used for software
interchange; or,
b)Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least
three
years,
to give any third party, for a charge no
more than your cost of physically performing source
distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the
corresponding source code, to be distributed under
the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to
the offer to distribute corresponding source code.
(This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial
distribution and only if you received the program in
object code or executable form
with such an offer, in
accord with Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of
the work for making modifications to it. For an executable
work, complete source code means all the source code
for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface
definition files, plus the scripts used to control
compilation and installation of the executable. However,
as a special exception, the source code distributed need
not include anything that is normally distributed (in
either source or binary form) with the major components
(compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on
which the executable runs, unless that component itself
ac
companies th
e executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by
offering access to copy from a designated place, then
offering equivalent access to copy the source code from
the same place counts as distribution of the source code,
even though third parties are not compelled to copy the
source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
Program except as expressly provided under this
License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify,
sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, parties who have rec
eive
d copies, or rights,
from you under this License will not have their licenses
terminated so long as such parties remain in full
compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you
have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you
permission to modify or distribute the Program or its
derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if
you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying
or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License
to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
distribu
ting or modif
ying the Program or works based on
it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work
based on the Program), the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensor to copy,
distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms
and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients’ exercise of the rights
granted herein.
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by
third parties to this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court
judgme
nt or allegation of
patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited
to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you
(whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that
contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you
cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your
obligations under this License and any other pertinent
obligations, then as a consequence you may not
distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the
Program by all those who receive copies directly or
indirectly thro
ugh you, then the only way you could
satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely
from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or
unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the
balance of the section is intended to apply and the
section as a whole is intended to apply in other
circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to
infringe any patents or other property right claims or to
contest validity of any such claims; this section has the
sole p urpose of protecting the integrity of the free
software distribution system, which is implemented by
public license practices. Many people have made
generou
s contribut
ions to the wide range of software
distributed through that system in reliance on consistent
application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to
decide if he or she is willing to distribute software
through any other system and a licensee cannot impose
that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is
believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted
in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted
interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the
Program under this License may add an explicit
geograp hical distribu
tion
limitation excluding those
countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or
among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this
License incorporates the limitation as if written in the
body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/
or new versions of the General Public License from time
to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the
present version, but may differ in detail to address new
problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If
the Program specifies a version number of this License
which applies to it and “any later version”, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of
that version or of
any later version pu
blished by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a
version number of this License, you may choose any
version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
10.If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other
free programs whose distribution conditions are
different, write to the author to ask for permission. For
software which is copyrighted by the Free Software
Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we
sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be
guided by the two goals of pres
ervi
ng the free status of all
derivatives of our free software and of promoting the
sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11.BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF
CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE
PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE
STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/
OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS”
WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.
SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU
ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12.IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE
LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT
HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY
AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS
PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR
DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM
(INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR
DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES
SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE
OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER
PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the
greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve
this is to make it free software which everyone can
redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is
safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most
effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file
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