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A PostScript version of this document is available by FTP
at ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/jf.ps.gz. There is also a
plain text version at ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/jf.txt.
gz, but it is missing the gures.
The TIFF 6.0 le format specication can be obtained by
FTP from ftp://ftp.sgi.com/graphics/tiff/TIFF6.ps.gz. The
JPEG incorporation scheme found in the TIFF 6.0 spec of
3-June-92 has a number of serious problems.
IJG does not recommend use of the TIFF 6.0 design (TIFF
Compression tag 6).
Instead, we recommend the JPEG design proposed by
TIFF Technical Note #2 (Compression tag 7). Copies of
this Note can be obtained from ftp.sgi.com or from ftp://
ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/. It is expected that the next
revision of the TIFF spec will replace the 6.0 JPEG design
with the Note’s design.
Although IJG’s own code does not support TIFF/JPEG,
the free libtiff library uses our library to implement TIFF/
JPEG per the Note. libtiff is available from ftp://ftp.sgi.
com/graphics/tiff/.
ARCHIVE LOCATIONS
The “ofcial” archive site for this software is ftp.uu.net
(Internet address 192.48.96.9). The most recent released
version can always be found there in directory graphics/
jpeg. This particular version will be archived as ftp://ftp.
uu.net/graphics/jpeg/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz.
If you don’t have direct Internet access, UUNET’s archives
are also available via UUCP; contact help@uunet.uu.net
for information on retrieving les that way.
Numerous Internet sites maintain copies of the UUNET
les. However, only ftp.uu.net is guaranteed to have the
latest ofcial version.
You can also obtain this software in DOS-compatible “zip”
archive format from the SimTel archives (ftp://ftp.simtel.
net/pub/simtelnet/msdos/graphics/), or on CompuServe in
the Graphics Support forum (GO CIS:GRAPHSUP), library
12 “JPEG Tools”. Again, these versions may sometimes
lag behind the ftp.uu.net release.
The JPEG FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) article is a
useful source of general information about JPEG. It is
updated constantly and therefore is not included in this
distribution. The FAQ is posted every two weeks to
Usenet newsgroups comp.graphics.misc, news.answers,
and other groups.
It is available on the World Wide Web at http://www.faqs.
org/faqs/jpeg-faq/ and other news.answers archive sites,
including the ofcial news.answers archive at rtfm.mit.
edu: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/jpeg-
faq/.
If you don’t have Web or FTP access, send e-mail to mail-
server@rtfm.mit.edu with body
send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part1
send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part2
RELATED SOFTWARE
Numerous viewing and image manipulation programs
now support JPEG. (Quite a few of them use this library
to do so.) The JPEG FAQ described above lists some of
the more popular free and shareware viewers, and tells
where to obtain them on Internet.
If you are on a Unix machine, we highly recommend Jef
Poskanzer’s free PBMPLUS software, which provides
many useful operations on PPM-format image les. In
particular, it can convert PPM images to and from a
wide range of other formats, thus making cjpeg/djpeg
considerably more useful. The latest version is distributed
by the NetPBM group, and is available from numerous
sites, notably ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/graphics/graphics/
packages/NetPBM/.
Unfortunately PBMPLUS/NETPBM is not nearly as portable
as the IJG software is; you are likely to have difculty
making it work on any non-Unix machine.
A different free JPEG implementation, written by the
PVRG group at Stanford,
is available from ftp://havefun.stanford.edu/pub/jpeg/.
This program is designed for research and experimentation
rather than production use; it is slower, harder to use, and
less portable than the IJG code, but it is easier to read
and modify. Also, the PVRG code supports lossless
JPEG, which we do not. (On the other hand, it doesn’t do
progressive JPEG.)
FILE FORMAT WARS
Some JPEG programs produce les that are not compatible
with our library.
The root of the problem is that the ISO JPEG committee
failed to specify a concrete le format. Some vendors
“lled in the blanks” on their own, creating proprietary
formats that no one else could read. (For example, none
of the early commercial JPEG implementations for the
Macintosh were able to exchange compressed les.)
The le format we have adopted is called JFIF (see
REFERENCES). This format has been agreed to by a
number of major commercial JPEG vendors, and it has
become the de facto standard. JFIF is a minimal or “low
end” representation.
We recommend the use of TIFF/JPEG (TIFF revision 6.0
as modied by TIFF Technical Note #2) for “high end”
applications that need to record a lot of additional data
about an image. TIFF/JPEG is fairly new and not yet
widely supported, unfortunately.
The upcoming JPEG Part 3 standard denes a le format
called SPIFF.
SPIFF is interoperable with JFIF, in the sense that most
JFIF decoders should be able to read the most common
variant of SPIFF. SPIFF has some technical advantages
over JFIF, but its major claim to fame is simply that it is an
ofcial standard rather than an informal one. At this point
it is unclear whether SPIFF will supersede JFIF or whether
JFIF will remain the de-facto standard. IJG intends to
support SPIFF once the standard is frozen, but we have
not decided whether it should become our default output
format or not.
(In any case, our decoder will remain capable of reading
JFIF indenitely.)
Various proprietary le formats incorporating JPEG
compression also exist.
We have little or no sympathy for the existence of these
formats. Indeed, one of the original reasons for developing
this free software was to help force convergence on
common, open format standards for JPEG les. Don’t use
a proprietary le format!
TO DO
The major thrust for v7 will probably be improvement of
visual quality.
The current method for scaling the quantization tables
is known not to be very good at low Q values. We
also intend to investigate block boundary smoothing,
“poor man’s variable quantization”, and other means
of improving quality-vs-le-size performance without
sacricing compatibility.
In future versions, we are considering supporting some
of the upcoming JPEG Part 3 extensions --- principally,
variable quantization and the SPIFF le format.
As always, speeding things up is of great interest.
Please send bug reports, offers of help, etc. to jpeg-info@
uunet.uu.net.
n
Exhibit-F
COPYRIGHT NOTICE, DISCLAIMER, and LICENSE:
If you modify libpng you may insert additional notices
immediately following this sentence.
libpng version 1.2.6, August 15, 2004, is Copyright (c)
2004 Glenn Randers-Pehrson, and is distributed according
to the same disclaimer and license as libpng-1.2.5 with
the following individual added to the list of Contributing
Authors
Cosmin Truta
libpng versions 1.0.7, July 1, 2000, through 1.2.5 - October
3, 2002, are Copyright (c) 2000-2002 Glenn Randers-
Pehrson, and are distributed according to the same
disclaimer and license as libpng-1.0.6 with the following
individuals added to the list of Contributing Authors
Simon-Pierre Cadieux
Eric S. Raymond
Gilles Vollant
and with the following additions to the disclaimer:
There is no warranty against interference with your
enjoyment of the library or against infringement.
There is no warranty that our efforts or the library will
fulll any of your particular purposes or needs. This
library is provided with all faults, and the entire risk of
satisfactory quality, performance, accuracy, and effort
is with the user.
libpng versions 0.97, January 1998, through 1.0.6, March
20, 2000, are Copyright (c) 1998, 1999 Glenn Randers-
Pehrson, and are distributed according to the same
disclaimer and license as libpng-0.96, with the following
individuals added to the list of Contributing Authors:
Tom Lane
Glenn Randers-Pehrson
Willem van Schaik
libpng versions 0.89, June 1996, through 0.96, May 1997,
are Copyright (c) 1996, 1997 Andreas Dilger Distributed
according to the same disclaimer and license as libpng-
0.88, with the following individuals added to the list of
Contributing Authors:
John Bowler
Kevin Bracey
Sam Bushell
Magnus Holmgren
Greg Roelofs
Tom Tanner
libpng versions 0.5, May 1995, through 0.88, January
1996, are Copyright (c) 1995, 1996 Guy Eric Schalnat,
Group 42, Inc.
For the purposes of this copyright and license,“Contributing
Authors” is dened as the following set of individuals:
Andreas Dilger
Dave Martindale
Guy Eric Schalnat
Paul Schmidt
Tim Wegner
The PNG Reference Library is supplied “AS IS”. The
Contributing Authors and Group 42, Inc. disclaim all
warranties, expressed or implied, including, without
limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of tness
for any purpose. The Contributing Authors and Group
42, Inc. assume no liability for direct, indirect, incidental,
special, exemplary, or consequential damages, which may
result from the use of the PNG Reference Library, even if
advised of the possibility of such damage.
Permission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify,
and distribute this source code, or portions hereof,
for any purpose, without fee, subject to the following
restrictions:
1. The origin of this source code must not be
misrepresented.
2. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such and
must not be misrepresented as being the original
source.
3. This Copyright notice may not be removed or altered
from any source or altered source distribution.
The Contributing Authors and Group 42, Inc. specically
permit, without fee, and encourage the use of this source
code as a component to supporting the PNG le format
in commercial products. If you use this source code in
a product, acknowledgment is not required but would be
appreciated.
A “png_get_copyright” function is available, for convenient
use in “about” boxes and the like: printf(“%s”,png_get_
copyright(NULL)); Also, the PNG logo (in PNG format, of
course) is supplied in the les “pngbar.png” and “pngbar.
jpg (88x31) and “pngnow.png” (98x31).
Libpng is OSI Certied Open Source Software. OSI
Certied Open Source is a certication mark of the Open
Source Initiative.
Glenn Randers-Pehrson
glennrp@users.sourceforge.net
August 15, 2004
n
Exhibit-G
Copyright (c) 2001,2003 Keith Packard
Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this
software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby
granted without fee, provided that the above copyright
notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
documentation, and that the name of Keith Packard not be
used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution
of the software without specic, written prior permission.
Keith Packard makes no representations about the
suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided
“as is” without express or implied warranty.
KEITH PACKARD DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN
NO EVENT SHALL KEITH PACKARD BE LIABLE FOR ANY
SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR
ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS
OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,
ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.