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11 GHz range from 10.70 GHz to 11.70 GHz, 12 GHz range from 11.70 to 12.75 GHz
b) Receiver - Intermediate Frequency or 1st Intermediate Frequency 950 to 2150 MHz
Unit of frequency Name Oscillations per second
1 Hz 1 Hertz 1
1 kHz 1 Kilohertz 1.000
1 MHz 1 Megahertz 1.000.000
1 GHz 1 Gigahertz 1.000.000.000
Intermediate Frequency:
The frequency range broadcast by satellite cannot be transported by cable, the LNB therefo-
re transforms the incoming signal to the intermediate frequency range of 950 to 2050 MHz,
thus allowing the signal to be transmitted to and modulated in the receiver.
1.IF = Intermediate Frequency
LNB/LNC (Low Noise Block converter)
Receiving unit at the focal point of the parabolic dish antenna, converts the signal from the
frequency range of the satellite to the intermediate frequency of the receiver.
LOF:
Local oscillator frequency, measured in MHz or GHz, varies according to the LNB and the
frequency range received.
Receiving frequency of the receiver = transmitting frequency of the satellite - LOF.
Mode:
Determines whether a mono or stereo programme will be received.
Modulation at 22 KHz:
Apart from the 14/28 Volt switching mode, this also serves to switch between 2 LNBs. In uni-
versal LNBs it is used to switch into the High range.
Modulator:
Switch in a satellite receiver or a video recorder that is used to connect the TV set by means
of an antenna cable.
Multyfeed:
External unit consisting of a parabolic dish antenna as well as several LNBs, suitable for
receiving signals from several satellites.
Operational voltage:
The LNBs are supplied with power by means of the coaxial cable. In order to provide this,
the receiver must supply power at 14 or 18 volt.
Parabolic dish (antenna):
A reflector of metal or coated plastic, shaped in a parabolic form, used to focus the electro-
magentic waves broadcast by a satellite in a focal point.
Polarisation plane:
In order to better utilise the available frequency range, satellites will transmit neighbouring
programmes with opposite polarisation (horizontal and vertical, or dextro-rotatory and laevo-
rotatory).
In order to receive both polarisation planes, either two single LNBs or one V/H LNB are
required.
Receiver: see Satellite receiver
Satellite:
Description of a satellite usually includes its name as well as its orbital position.
ASTRA 19° East
EUTELSAT 13° East
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