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Glossary
Appendix
Glossary
AES/EBU format
A standard format for the transfer of
digital audio signals. In this format,
two audio signals can be input/output
through one XLR-type connector.
Assemble editing
An edit mode for adding new scenes
to the end of previously recorded
scenes. New video signals are
recorded for each control signal, but
continuity with the control signal
preceding the edit point is maintained
electrically. Because assemble
editing in the middle of a scene will
cause a break in the video image at
the end of the insertion, this is not a
practical method for inserting new
video data. This should be done with
insert editing.
See also Insert editing.
Backspace editing
Also called phase matching. During
backspace editing, the VTR
automatically rewinds the tape a few
seconds after recording of a scene has
been completed. This allows the tape
to attain a stable speed before the
start of recording of the next scene,
thus maintaining signal continuity
during editing.
Bridging connection
A connection that allows a signal
input to an input terminal to pass
through the unit and exit from an
output terminal for input to a third
piece of equipment.
Capstan
A drive mechanism that moves the
tape at a specified speed. Its rotation
is normally synchronized with a
reference sync signal.
Color frame
A color subcarrier phase having one
cycle that consists of two frames
(four fields) in the NTSC format.
Color frame locking
A procedure in which the time code
frame value is set to an odd number
for the first and second color fields,
and to an even number for the third
and fourth color fields.
Color framing
A method to maintain color
subcarrier phase continuity by
performing editing in two-frame
units in order to achieve stable video
without horizontal fluctuation at the
edit points when editing
downconverted composite video
signal.
Component video signal
A video signal that consists of a
luminance signal (Y) and two
chrominance (color-difference)
signals (R-Y, B-Y).
Composite video signal
A signal that consists of video
(luminance and color sub carrier),
sync (horizontal and vertical), and
color burst signals.
Condensation
Moisture that collects on the head
drum of the tape transport
mechanism, causing damage to the
tape and malfunction of the VTR.
CTL
Abbreviation for control signal. A
pulse signal that can be counted, to
determine the number of frames, and
therefore the tape’s running time.
Used mainly for adjusting the
tracking position of video heads, and
to achieve time code continuity
during continuous recording. This
signal is recorded on a longitudinal
tape track.
Cue point
A point used to mark the beginning of
a section of tape so that it can be
located for later playback or editing.
Drop frame mode
When the field frequency of this unit
is 59.94 Hz, the actual number of
frames per second is approximately
29.97, while the time code value
advances one second every 30
frames. In drop frame mode, the time
code is advanced such a way that this
difference in the value between real
time and the time codes is corrected.
Specifically, two frames are skipped
at the beginning of each minute,
except for every tenth minute, so that
the frame value for time codes
matches that for real time.
See also Non-drop frame mode.
E-E mode
Abbreviation for Electric-to-Electric
mode. In this mode, the signals are
passed through the VTR’s electronics
before output but do not pass through
the magnetic converter circuits such
as the tape and head circuits. This
mode is used for confirming input
signals or adjusting the input level.
Effect edit mode
When editing a tape using a switcher
or when editing special effects, the
pixels comprising the picture are
often not dubbed to the same
positions as those of the original. In
the case of repeated dubbings, this
shifting of pixels produces an
accumulation of calculation errors
during the compression/expansion
process; this may result in an increase
in low-level noise within the signal.
The effect edit mode minimizes the
production of this noise. Note,
however, that a slight loss in picture
resolution may be observed in this
mode.
Emphasis
Emphasizing the high frequencies of
a signal before processing (pre-
emphasis) and de-emphasizing those
high frequencies before output (de-
emphasis). This reduces deterioration
of the signal-to-noise ratio in the high
frequency range.